As stated many times before, it is very unlikely to be able to optimize body composition by simply manipulating calorie intake. This is because foods have the power to promote weight gain or loss independently of their calorie content. In fact, foods can influence body composition by virtue of their nutrient content. We have encountered nutrients before in the course of this discussion. Here we will have an opportunity to explore their influence on body composition independently of their calorie content, as well as to evaluate the proposition of one over the other.